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Yurovsky was an Old Bolshevik best known as the chief executioner of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia in July… [More] 1918. The Yurovsky family was of Jewish origin but its relation to the Jewish faith seems ambiguous: Shortly before fully devoting himself to the cause of revolution (in the early 20th century), Yurovsky converted to Lutheranism. A watchmaker by trade, he lived for a short time in the German Empire in 1904. After returning to Russia during the Russian Revolution of 1905, he joined the Bolsheviks. Arrested several times over the years, he became a devoted Marxist. He was a Chekist (the Bolshevik secret police) for a short period of time in 1917. [Less]
1897: Moe Howard
Born Moses Harry Horwitz in Brooklyn to a Lithuanian-Jewish family, Moe was an American actor and comedian… [More] best known as the leader of The Three Stooges, an American vaudeville and comedy act of the early to mid–20th century best known for their numerous short subject films. Their hallmark was physical farce and extreme slapstick. In films, the Stooges were commonly known by their first names: “Moe, Larry, and Curly.” Moe’s distinctive hairstyle came about when he was a boy, when he cut off his curls with a pair of scissors, and produced a ragged shape approximating a helmet or bowl. [Less]
1906: Sir Ernst Boris Chain
Chain was a German-born British biochemist, and a 1945 co-recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or… [More] Medicine for his work on penicillin. After the Nazis came to power in Germany, Chain knew that being Jewish, he would no longer be safe there; he then moved to England. (Towards the end of World War II, Chain learned his mother and sister had perished in the war.) In his later life, his Jewish identity became increasingly important to him. He became a member of the board of governors of the Weizmann Institute of Science at Rehovot in 1954, and later a member of the executive council. He raised his children securely within the Jewish faith. His views were expressed most clearly in his speech “Why I am a Jew” given at the World Jewish Congress Conference of Intellectuals in 1965. [Less]