10 Best Crypto Tax Software & Calculators Tested for 2024
Promoted Content: Discover the top 10 crypto tax software & calculators for 2024. Streamline your tax reporting with tested solutions for hassle-free cryptocurrency management.
Navigating the tax implications of cryptocurrency trading can be quite complex during tax season. Unlike traditional stockbrokers, crypto exchanges aren’t always obligated to provide tax forms that outline your annual activity. Therefore, you must determine your net earnings from the previous year and how they impact your taxes.
To assist investors and traders with filing their taxes for Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, several software companies have developed specialized products in recent years.
These programs typically utilize data from your exchange to create comprehensive records of your profits and losses. Using crypto tax software, you can easily generate an IRS Form 8949 based on these records.
Unlike the form provided by a stockbroker that details equity sales over the past year, this document specifically reports capital asset sales.
In addition to their crypto tax software, providers offer various reports and services tailored to your specific requirements.
If you experienced losses on your crypto investments during the 2022 crypto crash, consider utilizing a service known as tax-loss harvesting. This service assists in minimizing your taxes by selling investments for less than their original purchase price.
10 Best Crypto Tax Software
- Koinly – Best Crypto Tax Software Overall
- ZenLedger – Best for Accounting Features
- TokenTax – Best for Fully Automated Crypto Tax Reporting
- TurboTax – Best for Ease of Use
- TaxSlayer – Best for Expert Tax Assistance
- H&R Block – Best for Beginners
- TaxAct – Best for Customer Support
- TaxBit – Best for Unlimited Transactions
- CoinLedger – Best for Frequent Traders
- CoinPanda – Best for Exchange Integrations
Koinly – Best Crypto Tax Software Overall
Established in 2018, Koinly simplifies the process of reporting crypto taxes, even if you have never recorded any previous transactions. With compatibility across over 400 crypto exchanges, including Binance, Coinbase, Crypto.com, and KuCoin.
Koinly streamlines the extraction of your crypto exchange history through a secure API connection. This connection operates in read-only mode to ensure that no alterations can be made to your account.
To further enhance accuracy in tax calculations, Koinly also supports leading crypto wallets like MetaMask, Ledger, Trust Wallet, and Electrum by considering wallet-to-wallet transactions.
Koinly has access to an extensive database containing more than a decade’s cryptocurrency prices. This information guarantees precise cost-price calculations. For those interested in utilizing Koinly’s services, the availability for residency should be confirmed beforehand.
A wide range of countries is supported, including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and various EU member states. This ensures that tax calculations align with the appropriate reporting standards.
Koinly provides a complimentary plan that imposes a cap on the number of transactions at 10,000. Nevertheless, this doesn’t encompass tax reports, requiring you to undertake your own filing responsibilities.
This particular feature holds great significance; hence, selecting one of their premium plans is advisable. The pricing options are as follows: $49, $99, and $179 per year for 100, 1,000 and 10,000 transactions, respectively.
Pros
- Accommodates numerous exchanges and wallets
- Operates in more than 20 countries, ensuring compliance with local tax regulations
- Completes tax calculations in just 20 minutes
- Facilitates tax harvesting
Cons
- The complementary plan doesn’t encompass cryptocurrency tax reporting
ZenLedger – Best for Accounting Features
ZenLedger, a well-known cryptocurrency tax software, specializes in managing DeFi portfolios. Since its establishment, ZenLedger has effectively monitored over 50 billion transactions for more than 100,000 clients. It’s advantageous for investors who frequently utilize income tools in the realm of DeFi, such as staking and yield farming.
The software simplifies calculating taxes by meticulously tracking the cost price of tokenized rewards upon receipt. ZenLedger can monitor capital gains and losses incurred through various DeFi platforms. Its direct integration spans an impressive array of over 400 decentralized platforms, including popular options like 1Inch, Aave, Uniswap, and PancakeSwap.
ZenLedger provides coverage for more than 50 blockchain standards to ensure the management of your entire DeFi portfolio within a given tax year. While there’s a free plan available that tracks up to 25 transactions per year, it should be noted that this doesn’t include full integration with DeFi platforms.
For access to this feature set and comprehensive tax reporting capabilities covering up to 5,000 transactions annually, users will need to subscribe at an annual cost of $149.
Pros
- Top cryptocurrency tax software for DeFi earnings
- Compatible with over 400 exchanges and 100 DeFi protocols
- Generation of tax reports is a matter of minutes
- Premium support is accessible every day of the week
Cons
- To enjoy complete DeFi integration, a minimum purchase of $149 is necessary
TokenTax – Best for Fully Automated Crypto Tax Reporting
TokenTax stands out as the premier choice for individuals in the United States seeking seamless and efficient crypto tax software.
It offers a fully automated process that not only extracts and analyzes transactions but handles the submission of relevant tax forms to the IRS. With TokenTax, generating a comprehensive report is effortless, as it even assists with filling out Form 8949.
In addition to crypto investments, TokenTax allows you to include other capital disposals throughout the year, such as stocks or ETFs. If your investment portfolio solely consists of cryptocurrencies, you have the option to submit Form 8949 directly to the IRS.
While its primary focus is on US clients, TokenTax’s software is compatible with any country and currency. However, non-US clients will only receive their cryptocurrency tax report without a completed form.
TokenTax goes above and beyond by supporting over 100 external platforms through an API integration feature. This enables users to effortlessly import their crypto transactions from major exchanges like BitMart, Binance, Bitfinex, and Kraken.
The compatibility extends beyond exchanges; leading crypto wallets are also supported along with decentralized exchanges for added convenience. Moreover, TokenTax even caters to users involved in NFT trading by integrating support for popular marketplaces like OpenSea.
When it comes to charges, our investigation revealed that TokexTax is pricier in comparison to other service providers. To put it in perspective, their most affordable subscription plan amounts to $65 per annum and solely allows access to Coinbase API.
If you wish to utilize other exchanges and wallets, a fee of $199 will be required. There’s an elite plan designed for professional traders which carries a hefty price tag of $1,599.
Pros
- Compatible with all countries and currencies
- US clients can effortlessly finalize their Form 8949 automatically
- Supports exchanges, wallets, and NFT marketplaces
- Upload CSV files for platforms not directly supported
Cons
- There’s no provision for free cryptocurrency tax software
- The $65 plan exclusively caters to Coinbase API
TurboTax – Best for Ease of Use
TurboTax Crypto is a sought-after tax preparation tool offered by one of the leading companies in the field. Not only does it serve individuals looking to report their cryptocurrency transactions, but it also proves to be an excellent choice for people with complex tax situations.
The user-friendly interface of TurboTax Crypto makes it easy to navigate through the software. It provides helpful tooltips and FAQs, ensuring a smooth experience for users. Their customer support is top-notch, and readily available to assist you whenever needed.
One standout feature is its ability to integrate with third-party crypto accounts, enabling seamless importation of crypto sales data for precise tax filing.
Similar to other TurboTax options, TurboTax Crypto offers access to tax experts if you require further assistance. However, keep in mind that availing of this service may come at an additional cost.
Among all the crypto tax products we evaluated, TurboTax Crypto stands out as the only one allowing users to file their entire tax returns directly through the platform. This convenience sets it apart from its competitors and makes it a preferred choice for many taxpayers in need of comprehensive solutions.
Pros
- Enables direct importation of your cryptocurrency sales into the software
- It stands as the sole crypto tax product providing comprehensive filing of your tax return
Cons
- Is exclusively accessible to individuals filing their taxes through TurboTax
TaxSlayer – Best for Expert Tax Assistance
TaxSlayer simplifies the process of filing a tax return for individuals who prefer less guidance. If you’re knowledgeable about the types of income that require reporting and the deductions and credits available to you, there’s no need to navigate through numerous unnecessary interview screens. You can skip ahead to the specific sections that pertain to your needs.
Should you require additional assistance, utilize the software’s questions as a guide in navigating through sections relevant to your tax situation. Upgrading to a higher-priced package enables access to support from a tax professional.
Pros
- An economical choice for handling intricate tax situations
- Active-duty military personnel can file federal tax returns at no cost
- Access to personalized one-on-one tax guidance
- Free filing for student loan interest and education credits is available
Cons
- Lacks synchronization with banks and brokerage accounts
- The Simply Free tier doesn’t accommodate dependent tax credits
- Navigation may be more challenging compared to more expensive services
- Tax experts don’t prepare or review your return
H&R Block – Best for Beginners
H&R Block‘s Crypto Tax Software is packed with impressive features that aim to simplify the process of filing taxes for cryptocurrency.
It offers integration options for more than 300 popular exchanges and wallets, allowing users to effortlessly import and reconcile transaction histories. This helps minimize errors that may occur during manual data entry. The platform ensures customer support through various channels such as live chat, phone assistance, in-person appointments, and a knowledge base.
The software utilizes advanced algorithms to ensure accurate tax reporting by considering the latest IRS guidelines and relevant tax laws. H&R Block also provides flexibility in pricing plans (Basic, Deluxe, and Premium) which are tailored to suit the user’s transaction volume. Each plan comes with a money-back guarantee for a risk-free experience.
Pros
- Outstanding user experience with easily navigable features
- Context-sensitive assistance available
- Comprehensive and clear explanations of tax-related subjects
- Impressive mobile applications
- Optional expert assistance available for a fee
Cons
- Occasionally takes time to load
- Requires some additional clicking at times
TaxAct – Best for Customer Support
TaxAct is the ideal choice for individuals who prefer not to spend money on expensive software such as H&R Block or TurboTax, but are willing to pay a little extra for a user-friendly and efficient platform to file their own taxes.
Those who are self-sufficient and don’t require much assistance will benefit greatly from using TaxAct’s software alone. All of TaxAct’s plans now include complimentary access to experts who can provide answers to any questions that arise during the filing process. This added value was introduced last year and is greatly appreciated by users.
There’s an option available for users to upgrade their plan and have a professional handle their tax filing.
Pros
- Effortlessly navigate between sections without having to repeat interview questions
- Receive complimentary support from CPAs, enrolled agents (EAs), and tax attorneys for all users
- Import an electronic copy of your W-2 directly into the software
Cons
- Elevated fees for state returns in contrast to competing platforms
- Frequent proposals for upgrades or additional services
- Filing through the mobile app is possible, but only for users meeting specific criteria
TaxBit – Best for Unlimited Transactions
TaxBit, established in 2018, places a significant emphasis on the United States; however, individuals subjected to comparable tax systems can also utilize its services.
In a recent move, TaxBit modified its business approach to offer reduced features but at no cost while facilitating an unlimited amount of transactions.
The TaxBit crypto tax software facilitates seamless integration with specific cryptocurrency exchanges and offers self-service integrations for different blockchains and wallets. TaxBit doesn’t provide customer support.
Pros
- Outstanding value
- Integration with the majority of major exchanges
- Suitable for both individuals and institutions
- Extends its free services to both individuals and institutions
- Comprehensive tax calculations
Cons
- Produces solely Form 8949. TaxBit’s tax report encompasses only Form 8949, requiring users to complete other IRS tax documents, like Schedule D, independently
- No availability of a mobile app
CoinLedger – Best for frequent traders
CoinLedger, a widely used cryptocurrency tax software, has catered to an impressive clientele of over 400,000 individuals. Generating tax reports with this software is a breeze and requires just three straightforward steps. You’ll need to link your exchange and wallet data.
CoinLedger will meticulously analyze all your transactions and present you with a preliminary report for review. Once everything appears accurate and in order, the final report will be generated, providing you with a detailed breakdown of your tax obligations for the given year.
One notable aspect of CoinLedger is its compatibility with more than 100 platform integrations, including renowned crypto exchanges such as Kraken, Binance, Gemini, and KuCoin.
However, it’s worth mentioning that there’s one drawback, CoinLedger can only be used in conjunction with nine specific crypto wallets, which are MetaMask Trust Wallet Ledger Exodus, Abra Jaxx Trezor, MyEtherWallet, and Zengo.
While CoinLedger offers free access to its platform through its basic plan; however this plan doesn’t include the feature for generating tax reports. If you require this functionality, then you would need to opt for one of their paid plans which are charged as one-time payments based on the total number of crypto transactions conducted by an individual or entity.
Pros
- Straightforward three-step procedure for computing annual crypto taxes
- Compatible with cryptocurrency exchanges, wallets, and DeFi platforms
- Endorsed by more than 400,000 customers
- Additionally accommodates NFTs
Cons
- The $199 choice includes coverage for a maximum of 3,000 transactions
Coinpanda – Best for Exchange Integrations
Coinpanda presents itself as an excellent choice for traders who are involved in leveraged cryptocurrency products. This advanced tax software provides support for margin accounts, leveraged tokens, and various crypto derivatives such as options and futures. Considering the complexity of calculating taxes on these investment products, Coinpanda considers multiple variables.
What sets Coinpanda apart is its comprehensive approach to tax calculations. It not only considers the opening and closing prices of your leveraged trades but also factors in financing fees and commissions.
It boasts compatibility with over 500 exchanges, including renowned platforms like Binance, ByBit, Kucoin, and BitMEX. Coinpanda supports popular DeFi platforms such as Algorand and Uniswap along with a wide range of over 115 wallets.
When it comes to cryptocurrency support, Coinpanda truly stands out by being compatible with 242 blockchain standards. Their full tax reporting services cover more than 65 countries worldwide, including prominent regions like the US, UK, and Europe.
The pricing structure is tailored to accommodate different transaction volumes, ranging from $0 for basic usage up to $189 for handling transactions ranging from 25 to 3,000 respectively.
Pros
- Top cryptocurrency tax software for monitoring leveraged positions
- Compatible with over 65 countries
- Earns a TrustPilot rating of 4.6/5
- Generates crypto tax reports in less than 20 minutes
Cons
- The $189 plan is restricted to 3,000 transactions
- Portfolios exceeding 20,000 transactions need to inquire about a personalized quote
Our Ranking Methodology for the Best Crypto Tax Software
In our quest to find the top cryptocurrency tax software for American investors, we meticulously assessed numerous factors. During our thorough examination of each platform, we took into account:
- Pricing. We thoroughly analyzed cryptocurrency tax software plan prices, assessing the value offered for the money spent. Our search focused not only on finding the most budget-friendly plans for various types of cryptocurrency investors and traders but also on identifying plans that provide optimal value.
- Number of supported exchanges. We evaluated each provider based on the number of integrations they offer for exchanges, wallets, blockchains, and coin tracking services. This ensures the easy importation of all your cryptocurrency transaction data using API keys or CSV files.
- Ease of use. Our comparison of crypto tax software included an assessment of user-friendliness, covering aspects from the signup process to importing transaction data and generating tax reports. We sought programs that streamline the entire process from initiation to completion.
- Included tax forms and reports. While all crypto tax software generates IRS Form 8949 for reporting capital gains and losses from crypto investments, we recognized that depending on your crypto activities, you might require additional tax forms such as Schedule C and Schedule 1.
- Accountant access. After generating your tax report, we examined the ease with which you can grant your accountant access to the report and export your data to popular tax filing software.
- Customer service. Lastly, we considered the accessibility of a software provider’s customer support team, user feedback on the quality of customer support, and the availability of online help resources.
Best Crypto Tax Software – Buyer’s Guide
What Is Crypto Tax Software?
Crypto tax software is an essential tool for managing your cryptocurrency transactions and accurately calculating any capital gains or losses. By seamlessly integrating with your chosen exchange, this software automatically captures and records all the necessary details whenever you engage in a trade or exchange.
One of the convenient features offered by most crypto tax software is the ability to manually import your data. Simply export your transactional information as a CSV file from your crypto exchange platform, and then effortlessly import it into the selected crypto tax software.
These programs are designed to keep track of your transactions in a manner that aligns with IRS forms and US tax reporting requirements. This means that they can generate accurate reports at the end of each tax year, ensuring that you comply with US crypto tax rules while paying the correct amount of taxes owed.
Rest assured, knowing that these tools will make navigating complex crypto taxation much simpler for you.
By utilizing reliable and efficient crypto tax software, you can confidently manage your cryptocurrency assets while staying compliant with relevant regulations. Say goodbye to manual calculations and tedious record-keeping – let technology do the work for you!
Why Use Crypto Tax Software?
Crypto tax software is designed to streamline the process of maintaining records and filing tax forms for your cryptocurrency investments. Here are a few benefits associated with utilizing crypto tax software:
- Saves time: Most software streamlines crypto record-keeping by seamlessly integrating with your cryptocurrency exchange.
- Helps with complicated tax rules: Given the intricate nature of tax rules pertaining to crypto assets, crypto tax software can ensure accurate tax payments each year, mitigating the risk of unforeseen complications.
- Generates tax forms: Most crypto tax software simplifies the process of completing year-end tax forms, eliminating the need for a specialized accountant.
- Protects your profits: Leading crypto tax software employs strategies to minimize your tax liability. For instance, you may be able to offset gains and losses by consolidating similar crypto assets.
- Lower risk of being fined: The complexity of US tax rules increases the likelihood of inaccuracies in reporting crypto assets on your tax return if you don’t utilize specialized software, posing a significant risk of fines.
How Does Crypto Tax Software Work?
Due to the distinctive characteristics of cryptocurrency, it can be challenging to monitor your profits, losses, and earnings across all your digital currency exchanges and wallets. Maintaining a manual spreadsheet that records every transaction related to cryptocurrency requires considerable dedication and effort.
Crypto tax software comes to the rescue to streamline this process and save valuable time. By simply linking your wallets and exchanges and importing all transactions into the system, you can generate a comprehensive tax report that consolidates all your crypto activities. This convenient solution eliminates hours of tedious work while ensuring accuracy in reporting financial information.
How to Find the Best Crypto Tax Software to Suit Your Needs
The mentioned crypto tax software has different advantages and disadvantages. Now we will explain the process we used to rank the top providers in our research.
Keep reading to find the most suitable crypto tax software for your needs and budget.
Supported Countries
Before examining the characteristics, cost, and other measurements, it’s imperative to confirm that your tax domicile is accommodated. This is of utmost importance since regulations on crypto taxes differ from one nation to another.
Moreover, each country imposes its own stipulations on tax reporting, including the method for calculating cryptocurrency purchase prices. Your country of residence may offer distinct tax advantages such as allowances for capital gains.
- As an illustration, residents in the UK are exempt from capital gains taxes on amounts under £6,000 for the 2023/24 tax year, with a reduction to £3,000 expected in 2024/25.
- Meanwhile, in Australia, holding crypto assets for more than 12 months results in a 50% reduction in capital gains tax.
- Similarly, traders in the US can benefit by retaining their crypto for over 12 months. The IRS applies long-term capital gains rates, ranging from 0%, 15%, to 20%. Conversely, short-term capital gains, those held for less than 12 months, are subjected to ordinary tax rates.
Here are some crypto tax statistics to consider. The main takeaway is that if the software provider doesn’t support your country of residence, you won’t receive personalized service. Instead, you will only get a general overview of your annual profit and loss. This could result in paying more taxes than necessary.
Platform Integration
Now we need to evaluate the compatibility of the crypto tax software with different platforms. When we say “integrate,” we’re referring to how the software links up with your exchanges and wallets through an Application Programming Interface (API). This automation eliminates the need for manual transaction input.
The crypto tax software will import all your past trades and wallet transfers while accurately determining when each transaction occurred. This allows for proper cost-basis assignment. However, if any of your exchange or wallet providers aren’t supported, reporting can become a tedious process.
To transfer your transactions, it’s probable that you will have to use a file in comma-separated values (CSV) format. Subsequently, this CSV file can be imported into the crypto tax software. Nevertheless, it’s important to verify if the software provider allows manual CSV uploads before proceeding.
Tax Form Automation
To ensure a smooth experience, opt for a provider that offers integration of tax forms. This means that the provider will fill out your tax form for you, enabling you to submit it directly to your local tax authority.
For instance, if you’re located in the United States, the applicable form would be IRS Form 8949. This specific form is utilized to report asset disposals during the tax year.
It necessitates information such as the asset name, purchase and sale dates, costs and disposal prices, as well as total gains or losses. If you have conducted numerous crypto trades, manually inputting this data can consume a significant amount of time.
Support for DeFi Income
There are two types of taxes related to cryptocurrencies. The first is capital gains, which refers to the profit earned from trading cryptocurrencies. All crypto tax software can assist in calculating capital gains. The second type of tax is applicable to income generated from decentralized finance (DeFi) tools like staking and yield farming.
If you have utilized any of these tools previously, your crypto tax software must support them. Tax authorities consider DeFi rewards as income, requiring payment regardless of whether you sell or keep the rewards.
- Consider this scenario: you hold accounts with some of the premier crypto staking platforms.
- On the first day, you obtain 0.1 ETH as staking rewards, and on that day, ETH is valued at $1,500. Consequently, you’re required to report this cost price on your tax report.
- On the second day, you receive an additional 0.1 ETH, and this time, ETH is valued at $1,600. Once again, report this cost price when preparing your tax form.
Luckily, you can rely on the top cryptocurrency tax software to handle the task for you. It will automatically compute the original cost of every DeFi reward upon receipt. If the service provider caters to your country’s regulations, it will employ the appropriate accounting method (such as FIFO or LIFO).
Tax Loss Harvesting
We recommend opting for cryptocurrency tax software that offers tax loss harvesting as a feature. By doing so, you can legally evade crypto taxes in accordance with the reporting regulations of your jurisdiction.
If you’re new to tax loss harvesting, here’s how it works:
- Initially, the cryptocurrency tax software examines all your transactions throughout the year and assesses your present portfolio.
- Following the analysis, the software determines that you presently have a capital gains obligation of $10,000.
- However, you currently possess $7,000 worth of Bitcoin, which you initially acquired for $14,000. If you decide to sell the Bitcoin, it would result in a $7,000 loss on that specific trade.
- The $7,000 loss can then be utilized to offset your $10,000 capital gains. Consequently, your remaining tax liability is reduced to $3,000.
In certain locations, it’s possible to promptly repurchase the cryptocurrencies that were sold for the purpose of tax loss harvesting. This allows for continued exposure to the cryptocurrencies while also locking in the capital loss for the year.
When it comes to traditional stock trading in the United States, investors need to be cautious of the “wash sale rule.” This rule prevents investors from selling securities with the intention of gaining tax benefits and then repurchasing them within 30 days of their sale. However, CNBC reports that this wash sale rule doesn’t apply to cryptocurrencies.
Therefore, it’s advisable to select crypto tax software that can provide suggestions on how you can legally reduce or eliminate your taxes for the year. These opportunities for tax reduction may have gone unnoticed if you had analyzed your transactions manually.
Pricing
In most instances, we discovered that crypto tax software platforms impose fees according to the number of transactions you wish to examine. This payment structure is reasonable since you only pay for what you truly need.
Certain providers have restricted functionality on their more affordable plans. As an illustration, free plans may only include analysis for up to 25 transactions without providing localized tax reports. In certain scenarios, free plans also have limited support for exchange integration and other important features.
Best Crypto Tax Software – Frequently Asked Questions
How Do I Keep Track of Crypto Taxes?
Track all of your cryptocurrency transactions and generate tax reports by utilizing crypto tax software.
It’s recommended to manually monitor your crypto transactions as well, allowing you to make adjustments to the reports produced by the software in case any of your transactions are uploaded incorrectly.
What Is the Best Way to File Crypto Taxes?
To start, it’s essential to acquire the knowledge of reporting your cryptocurrency taxes. Once you have grasped this concept, utilizing crypto tax software becomes advisable to generate accurate tax reports. This is particularly helpful when dealing with a significant number of transactions exceeding 100 in total.
Is Crypto Tax Software Free?
A majority of crypto tax software provides certain free features, however, there are additional charges for generating tax reports. Take Koinly as an example. It allows you to monitor up to 10,000 transactions without any cost, but if you wish to produce tax reports, there’s a fee associated with it.
Final Thoughts
Investing in cryptocurrency involves conducting numerous transactions across different wallets and exchanges. To simplify creating error-free tax reports, we’ve compiled a list of prominent options at present.
With an abundance of crypto tax software tools on the market, select one that suits your needs. That’s why we have provided a detailed overview of these options, aiming to assist you in making an informed decision.
Each crypto tax software has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some offer comprehensive forms for reporting purposes, while others provide features like tax-loss harvesting.
There may be variations in pricing that could influence your choice. Regardless of which tool you choose, as long as it’s a reliable crypto tax software solution, you can rest assured that your tax documentation and reporting will be accurate and well-organized
>> Best Crypto Tax Software: Koinly >>
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Ahad Waseem ahad@paradisemedia.com |
Ahad is a business, blockchain, and cybersecurity writer who often takes on art, politics, and economics too. As a linguistic engineer who writes to solve problems, he’s written for various tech and business publications. When he’s not writing, he’s probably on horseback, caring for his houseplants, or training Bonsai trees. |
This article is sponsored content. No endorsement by The Times of Israel of advertiser products or services, real or implied, is intended. The Times of Israel editorial team did not contribute to this article.