In reset of ties, UK and Iraq sign mega-deal on infrastructure, security, migration

Starmer is eager to remake relations with a host of capitals, from Beijing to Brussels, and anxious to seal deals to boost Britain’s ailing economy

Britain's Prime Minister Keir Starmer (R) shakes hands with with Iraq's Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani at 10 Downing Street, in central London, on January 14, 2025. (Kin Cheung / POOL / AFP)
Britain's Prime Minister Keir Starmer (R) shakes hands with with Iraq's Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani at 10 Downing Street, in central London, on January 14, 2025. (Kin Cheung / POOL / AFP)

LONDON (AFP) – Iraq’s Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani met Tuesday with his UK counterpart Keir Starmer, securing a £12.3 billion ($15 billion) trade and investment package during a UK visit hailed as a “new era” in ties.

The Iraqi leader’s trip to London, during which he also met King Charles III, focused on security, migration, and infrastructure, with the two leaders agreeing on a strategic “defense relationship” to deepen cooperation.

It comes more than 20 years after Britain took part in the US-led invasion, which left the country reeling from conflict for years.

Starmer — who entered Downing Street in July — is eager to reset ties with a host of capitals, from Beijing to Brussels, and anxious to seal any deals to boost Britain’s ailing economy.

“The leaders reaffirmed their commitment to the vision of a prosperous, sovereign Iraq through a new partnership focused on trade and investment,” a UK-Iraq joint statement said after Tuesday’s meeting.

“The prime ministers signed a landmark Partnership & Cooperation Agreement (PCA), a wide-ranging treaty on trade and strategic cooperation and agreed on a trade package worth up to £12.3 billion,” it added.

Britain’s Prime Minister Keir Starmer (R) talks with Iraq’s Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani at 10 Downing Street, in central London, on January 14, 2025. (Kin Cheung / POOL / AFP)

That is more than 10 times the total value of UK-Iraq bilateral trade last year.

It contained UK-led mega infrastructure projects such as removing mines across Iraq left after decades of war and unrest, water and sewerage improvements and desalination in areas such as southern Basra as well as interconnecting the Iraqi and Saudi power grids.

A desperate lack of fresh water due to drought, climate change, and frequent power blackouts, especially in the summer, have been major sources of discontent among the Iraqi population.

Migration focus

The three-day visit comes amid a complicated situation in the Middle East fueled by the Gaza war between Israel and Hamas, as well as a fragile ceasefire in Lebanon between Israel and the Lebanese pro-Iranian terrorist organization Hezbollah.

Donald Trump’s move back into the White House next week, and expectations he will resume his hardline stance towards Iran, also loom large over the region’s geopolitics.

Oil-rich Iraq, which is an ally of Iran as well as a strategic partner for Washington, has for decades practiced a delicate balancing act, while also seeking to deepen its ties to wealthy Gulf countries.

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, right, speaks with Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, during their meeting in Tehran, Iran, May 22, 2024. (Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader via AP)

Sudani — brought to power in 2022 by a coalition of pro-Iran parties — met Iran’s supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei as recently as last week.

Starmer and Sudani also agreed on the principles for the return of Iraqi irregular migrants in the UK and discussed the next practical steps, the joint statement said.

Coinciding with Sudani’s visit, Britain’s National Crime Agency announced the arrest of three men suspected of smuggling migrants from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) to Britain, in a “ground-breaking” joint operation.

Involving the Kurdistan Region Security Council and Kurdistan Region Security Agency, those detained are allegedly linked to a smuggling network run by a UK-based facilitator jailed for 17 years last November.

Migration — regular and irregular — is a key issue for Starmer, as he faces domestic pressure to curb arrivals.

The number of migrants arriving in Britain on small boats after crossing the English Channel soared to over 36,800 in 2024, according to official data.

A boat thought to carry migrants is escorted by a vessel from the French Gendarmerie Nationale in the English Channel off Wimereux beach, September 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Nicolas Garriga, File)

At least 76 deaths were recorded, making it the deadliest year for migrants, who are taking ever greater risks to evade Britain’s border controls.

Border security

Both leaders “agreed that the increasingly global nature of organized immigration crime underscores the need to stop people smuggling gangs from putting so many lives at risk,” their statement said.

“Strengthening the border security of our nations is a key part of this effort,” it added.

The £12.3 billion package also included the reconstruction of the Al-Qayyarah airbase.

Sudani likewise met with business leaders, including from oil giant BP, which recently announced long-term investment in Iraq.

Tuesday’s talks come as Sudani said his country was preparing for the end of the military presence in Iraq of the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS.

The United States maintains about 2,500 troops in Iraq and 900 more in Syria, seeking to prevent any resurgence of the Islamic State jihadist group.

US President Joe Biden’s administration agreed with Iraq to end the coalition’s role by September 2025, but stopped short of a complete withdrawal of US forces, whose presence has been opposed by Iran-aligned armed groups in Iraq.

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