5 Best THCV Gummies: Top Edibles to Try in 2024

THCV is a new hemp compound that many customers find helpful in weight management. In addition, THCV is less intoxicating than delta-9 THC, making it a suitable option for every user, new or old. However, the problem with hemp products is that every company has started selling them, and there aren’t many regulations to check what products are available; even fake brands can sell their cheap products online. This is why we are here to save you from the scams and hassles of choosing the best products.

This article shares the top brands offering the best THCV gummies while providing comprehensive information on product types, their effects, and factors to consider when making a selection. With THCV’s unique properties, such as appetite suppression and energy boosting, these gummies are poised to revolutionize your wellness journey.

• Canna Slim – Most Potent THCV Gummies – Editor’s Choice
• MoonWlkr – Top THCV Gummies for New Users
• Creating Better Days – Best Flavored Gummies
• Joy Organics – Best Isolated THCV Gummies
• Koi CBD – Premium THCV Gummies

Best THCV Gummies to Try 

1. Canna Slim THCV Gummies – Most Potent THCV Gummies – Editor’s Choice

Key Features

• Best for weight management
• Zero THC
• Delicious orange flavor

Rating – 9.6/10
Typically, people use THCV gummies for relaxation. The Canna brand brought something unique. These gummies are advertised to help manage weight, and their reviews back up this claim. Plus, you get discreet, quick shipping from the store and an easy refund policy.

Product Description
Canna Slim THCV gummies offer more than just relaxation if you want to lose some pounds; these “diet hemp” gummies can help you achieve that. They are made from 100% natural hemp derived from the top farms in Colorado and infused with natural terpenes to improve the overall benefits. You’ll get a little buzz, but these gummies won’t give you munchies or knock you out. It’s simply the mild relaxation that’ll remove the stress from your mind; plus, you can eat them anytime, during the day or night, and enjoy their benefits. On top of that, their natural orange flavor is also a treat for your tastebuds.

Brand Reputation & Customer Reviews
Canna Slim is well known among many top CBD stores like Diamond CBD. On top of that, their THCV products have been reviewed by platforms like USA Wire, Leafly, and more. While they don’t have many reviews on third-party platforms, on the CBD store containing their products, you can see dozens of positive reviews left by the customers. One customer mentioned that Canna Slim gummies work; they help decrease his appetite. Another customer was extremely happy with their low price and how these gummies helped him suppress his appetite.

Taste
These THCV gummies are available in orange flavor to give a tangy feeling in the first bite and a sweet aftertaste. Plus, they have sprinkled some sugar on the gummies, so you’ll feel some crunchiness in every bite. In its reviews, customers have mentioned that it doesn’t have a strong taste and won’t give you a sugar rush because these gummies’ sugar concentration is very low.

Ingredients
Here is the list of hemp extracts that Canna used to make these gummies:

• CBD (3.862 mg per gram)
• CBDV (0.832 mg per gram)
• THCV (0.174 mg per gram)
• CBG (0.088 mg per gram)
• CBGA (0.056 mg per gram)

Source: Lab Reports

The rest of the ingredients are:

• Tapioca Syrup, sugar, and water
• Natural Flavors
• Concord grape and blueberry puree
  strawberry and lemon juice concentrate
• Agar, citric and lactic acid, pectin, and cornstarch
• Sunflower lecithin, fruit and vegetable juice, and beta carotene for color

Servings
One jar contains 30 gummies, so if you eat one every day, one container can last for up to 30 days. One gummy contains about 3.5 grams of hemp extract.

Pros

• Lab-tested gummies for safety and purity
• No THC means no high
• All-natural ingredients
• No carcinogens and no adulterants

Cons

• Only one flavor is available

General Disclaimer: It is important to educate yourself about the potential risks associated with consuming cannabis products, including THCV, before using them. Additional information on this topic can be found here.

2. MoonWlkr – Top THCV Gummies for New Users

 

Key Features

• Infused with apple cider vinegar
• Manufactured using 100% legal USA hemp
• Multi-flavored gummies

Rating – 9.5/10
MoonWlkr THCV gummies are infused with apple cider vinegar, offering multiple health benefits like weight loss, lowering cholesterol, relieving heartburn, and more. Plus, the dosage of these two compounds is enough that each gummy shows a significant advantage. On top of that, you get free shipping if you purchase two bottles and a 30-day money-back guarantee from the brand—all the reasons to give these gummies a nine out of ten.

Product Description
Adding ACV (apple cider vinegar) to these gummies is a game changer. The THCV helps relax your mind to improve your senses and offers a euphoric feeling, and the ACV provides additional health benefits. On top of that, the Strawberry Acai flavor makes these gummies delicious and refreshing. Plus, they are soft, thick, and chewy, so you’ll enjoy the flavor for a long time and won’t have to bite hard to chew the gummies.

Brand Reputation & Customer Reviews
MoonWlkr is a pretty reputable brand, famous for its delta-8 THC gummies, and has been reviewed by Nature & Bloom, WayofLeaf, CBD Oil Users, Vapor Vanity, and more. There are no customer reviews about this brand on third-party reviewing platforms, but on the website, customers have given their THCV gummies a 4.6-star rating. One customer mentioned that these gummies helped him be more productive at work, but the taste could have been better. Another customer mentioned that he only takes one gummy, which makes him chill and clears his mind.

Taste
According to the customer reviews, the taste of these gummies is great for some and horrific for others. It all depends on whether you like the Strawberry Acai flavor. However, the sugar coating on top makes these gummies sweet, and as long as you don’t take a very deep bite to burst the flavor in your mouth and chew nice and slowly, you can enjoy the relaxation and the flavor.

Ingredients
The hemp extracts in these gummies are as follows:

• Delta-8 THCV (2.4970 mg per gram)
• THCV (0.1500)

Source: Lab Reports

The rest of the ingredients:

• Apple Cider Vinegar (112 mg approx. per gummy),
• Organic Tapioca Syrup, Sugar, Pectin (Pectin Maltodextrin, Sodium
• Potassium Tartrate, Sodium Hexametaphosphate)
• Less than 2% of organic açal, citric acid, natural flavors, and sodium malate.

Servings
Each gummy container has 20 gummies with 10 mg of THCV and 500 mg of ACV. If you use one gummy daily, you’ll need to use more than one bottle a month, but considering their potency, you should take half a gummy daily.

Pros

• Lab tested gummies
• All natural ingredients
• No traces of delta-9 THC
• Premium blend of juicy apple, fresh strawberry, and icy acai

Cons

• The flavor might not be suitable for everyone

3. Creating Better Days – Best Flavored Gummies

Key Features

• Made from locally grown hemp
• Little delta-9 THC for minimal buzz
• Mixed fruit flavor

Ratings – 9.1/10
The unique thing about these gummies is their flavor and the hint of THC and CBD. It’s not strong, but you’ll feel slightly buzzed, improving your overall relaxation. In addition, these gummies are advertised to increase energy, enhance focus, and improve mood, and you also get free shipping and an easy return policy from the company. The only downside is the serving size of only ten per container.

Product Description
Unlike other dry gummies, these THCV gummies are covered with syrup, making them extra delicious, soft, and easy to swallow. Creating Better Days doesn’t collaborate with anyone, so the products are made from in-house-grown hemp, ensuring they are the purest and safest. On top of that, each hemp bud used for these THCV gummies is properly cleaned from toxins, which is why these products pass all the lab tests. Furthermore, these gummies are vegan and fat-free, but no terpenes exist.

Brand Reputation & Customer Reviews
Creating Better Days became quite famous thanks to its potent CBD oil and got featured on websites like Resin Refinery, The Stoner Mom, Lookout Mountain, and more. On its website, the THCV gummies only have a handful of reviews, where one customer mentioned that these gummies are excellent for keeping your mind straight and reducing cravings. Another customer said he didn’t get any solid effect on one gummy, so he had to take another one.

Taste
Creating Better Days might have the best taste among other THCV gummies because the company didn’t stick to one flavor but instead infused multiple fruits in these gummies. They are sweet, and the flavor won’t overcome the relaxation you get due to the addition of delta-9 THC. If you have ever tried tropical gummies made from different fruits, these gummies taste the same.

Ingredients
These gummies contain four compounds from hemp extract:

• Delta-8 THCV (1.652 mg per gram)
• THCV (0.086 mg per gram)
• CBD (0.022 mg per gram)
• Delta-8 (THC 0.001 mg per gram)

Plus, these gummies also contain the following ingredients:

• Glucose Syrup
• Sugar
• Distilled Water
• Pectin
• THCV (Aerial Parts) 100mg
• Natural and artificial flavors and colors
• Citric acid
• Sodium citrate

Servings
Each container has ten gummies with 10 mg of THCV per gummy, which is enough to help lower your cravings, and other cannabinoids will help you relax.

Pros

• Infused with premium cannabinoids
• Made from 100% locally sourced hemp
• Soft and juicy texture
• A very small hint of THC

Cons

• It contains artificial colors and flavors

4. Joy Organics – Best Isolated THCV Gummies

Key Features

• Best for uplifting mood
• A sweet and refreshing flavor
• 100 mg of pure THCV per container

Rating – 8.7/10
Joy Organics THCV gummies are pure, safe, and potent, which makes them an excellent option for intermittent fasts. However, they are a bit pricey compared to other brands, and the serving size is much smaller, making the purchase costly. Although the four-month interest-free installation on these gummies is convenient, it is something a customer would only choose sometimes.

Product Description
Compared to delta-9 THC gummies, these THCV gummies are not intoxicating, meaning you won’t experience any side effects. On top of that, these gummies are vegan and gluten-free, so any vegan out there who is uncomfortable with other brands can wholeheartedly enjoy them. In addition, you get these gummies in a child-proof, airtight jar, and their shelf life is 18 months.

Brand Reputation & Customer Reviews
Joy Organics’ premium CBD products gave them the reputation they needed to make this brand a success. These products are reviewed on platforms like Forbes, Healthline, Medical News Today, Health Canal, and more. The THCV gummies have 17 reviews on their website, with 4-star ratings. One customer mentioned that this product is very effective in improving his mood and energy. Another customer mentioned that they are great for energy during the day and focus.

Taste
Thanks to the passionfruit inside these gummies, they taste both sweet and sour. On top of that, the added sugar in these gummies makes them easier to swallow. However, the taste won’t last long, so it is better to swallow the gummies after two or three chews to avoid getting a bitter aftertaste.

Ingredients
These gummies contain only two compounds from hemp extract:

• Delta-8 THCV (0.92 mg per gram)
• THCV (2.46 mg per gram)

Source: Lab Reports

The rest of the ingredients are:

• Organic Tapioca Syrup
• Purified Water
• Pectin
• Organic Citric Acid
• Organic Passion Fruit
• Flavor Medium Chain Triglyceride Oil
• Organic Red Color
• Organic Sunflower Lecithin
• Natural Bitterness Masking Flavor.
• Tree Nuts (Coconut)

Servings
One bottle of Joy Organics THCV gummies contains ten servings, each with 10 mg of THCV.

Pros

• Same day shipping
• Free from delta-9 THC
• 100% natural dietary supplement
• Zero after effects

Cons

• Fewer servings

5. Koi CBD – Premium THCV Gummies

Key Features

10 mg THCV per gummy
A delicious icy strawberry flavor
75 mg of antioxidant-rich Acai per gummy

Ratings – 8.3/10
These Koi THCV gummies are an excellent option if you want THCV gummies with maximum benefits. They contain the antioxidants Acai and ACV, which can aid in preventing oxidation-related cell damage. On top of that, you get up to a 15% discount on these gummies, a buy now, pay later option, a 30-day money-back guarantee, and free shipping.

Product Description
These THCV gummies are excellent for people who are health-conscious and want to have a perfect day. Thanks to the solid amount of apple cider vinegar per gummy, only one serving every day will improve your overall health. In addition, the sweet strawberry flavor with sugar crunches makes these gummies taste sweet and delicious. You’ll enjoy the cool strawberry taste in every bite, and these gummies are chewy and soft, so you can enjoy the taste for a while before swallowing them.

Brand Reputation & Customer Reviews
Koi CBD is considered a reliable brand that not only offers pure and safe products but also likes to keep its customers happy; hence, it gained a lot of reputation and was reviewed by Health Canal, Healthline, Midss, Vaping Vibe, WayofLeaf, and more. Its website has more than 21,000 reviews left by customers, and its THCV gummies have more than 250 reviews with a rating of 4.5 stars. One customer mentioned that these gummies don’t have the best taste, but they do the job. Another customer mentioned that it only takes half a gummy to trigger the effects.

Taste
Koi CBD THCV gummies have a sweet strawberry taste with a pleasing aroma that won’t overcome the effects of these gummies. Typically, companies make them with extra flavor, which keeps the flavor on the tastebuds and interrupts relaxation. In addition, the acai leaves a cool after-effect in your throat to make you feel fresh. The best part is the slight taste of apple juice, which you won’t feel instantly, but as you swallow the gummies, you’ll experience a slight apple hit.

Ingredients

Koi CBD THCV gummies have the highest amount of cannabinoids from hemp extract:

• THCa (0.0043 mg per gram)
• Delta-9 THC (0.0010 mg per gram)
• Delta-8 THC (0.0014 mg per gram)
• THCV (0.0006 mg per gram)
• CBDa (0.0016 mg per gram)
• CBD (0.0008 mg per gram)

The rest of the ingredients are:

• Sugar
• Organic Tapioca Syrup
• Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV)
• Acai Powder
• Water
• Pectin

Less than 2% of natural and artificial flavors, sodium citrate, sunflower oil, sodium acid sulfate, citric acid (as a preservative), and natural and artificial food coloring.

Servings
Each gummy jar has 20 servings, and the suggested dosage is to take only one gummy within six hours, which means you should wait for at least six hours after taking one gummy. It is relatively easy to build tolerance for THCV, so avoid overdosing on this product.

Pros

• 600 mg of ACV per container
• Quick and long-lasting effects
• Less than 0.3% delta-9 THC
• Available on installments

Cons

• These THCV gummies are expensive

How We Choose the Best THCV Gummies
Much like HHC, THCV is a new compound in hemp, so there aren’t many brands offering its products. You can find delta-9 or delta-10 gummies easily, but for THCV, there are already fewer brands, and since they are getting popular, many scammers are also active in selling cheap and harmful products. So, to get the best and safest THCV gummies, we set some standards and only chose brands that fulfilled those standards by a mile.

• Brand Reputation
  We first paid the most attention to choosing reputable brands for such edibles. Brands that have worked for years in the hemp industry have a huge customer base, and even a single bad review can cost them a lot. So, they try to make the safest products and provide the best customer service to have fewer or zero complaints from the customers.
• 3rd Party Lab Tests
  Every product on a brand’s shelf must undergo third-party lab tests for safety and purity. This also shows that the brand has nothing to hide and that its products are safe for customers. So, while we searched for the top THCV gummies, we ensured every gummy had a relevant lab report showing the cannabinoids and terpenes used in the product and their concentration. We also ensured that these lab reports were readily available for visitors to download or view.
• Customer Reviews
  When checking for online products, customer reviews are your best friend. You can learn what to expect from these gummies by reading the reviews left by users who have tried and experienced the product. The information that brands never disclose, you can find in customer reviews. So, checking for customer reviews before choosing a product was our top priority, and we didn’t just check for the ratings; we checked that each product had reviews with details to let us know how people felt and what benefits they got from these gummies.
• Potency
  THCV is potent, not as strong as delta-9 THC, but it is still solid enough to show noticeable effects quickly. On top of that, this compound is not as readily available in hemp as THC and CBD, so companies can’t use a lot of it in products. While selecting, we checked and chose the most potent CBD gummies, each containing at least 10 mg of THCV for maximum benefits.
• Natural Ingredients
  Companies won’t make hemp products with the taste of raw hemp, as customers will find it hard to swallow, so they add colors and flavors to their products to make them tasty. However, some companies add artificial ingredients and flavors to improve the overall taste. When choosing the best THCV gummies, we preferred the brands using all-natural ingredients to keep their products safe and pure.

What Are THCV Gummies?

• Understanding THCV Gummies
  THCV gummies are an edible cannabis product infused with tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), a rare yet potent cannabinoid in the marijuana plant. Though not as popular as its counterparts, THC and CBD, THCV has shown potential for various health benefits, leading to increased interest in and research into its properties.
• How THCV Gummies Work
  Like other cannabinoids, THCV interacts uniquely with the body’s endocannabinoid system. Research indicates that THCV may function as an appetite suppressant, appealing to those aiming to manage their weight. Additionally, THCV has shown promise in treating type-2 diabetes, as shown in one study where THCV decreased serum glucose levels and other diabetes indicators in obese rats.                       Furthermore, THCV is being explored for its mood-stabilizing and anti-epileptic properties. Preliminary research suggests it might reduce THC or CBN-induced seizures at lower doses, presenting a potential alternative for those unable to tolerate the psychoactive side effects of THC or THC/CBD-based medications.

• Key Components of THCV Gummies
  THCV gummies comprise essential ingredients such as a gummy base of gelatin or pectin, natural flavorings for enhanced taste, sweeteners, and THCV. The THCV incorporated into the gummies is usually derived from hemp or marijuana plants and processed into a form suitable for gummy integration. It’s crucial to note that THCV gummies manufactured from marijuana may contain higher levels of THC, the psychoactive compound in cannabis. Consequently, these gummies may be subject to different legal restrictions than those made from hemp.

Disclaimer:

THCV’s safety profile must be well studied, as research is limited. Long-term effects remain unknown, and individual responses may vary.

The Benefits of THCV Gummies

• Appetite Suppression
  Tetrahydrocannabivarin, or THCV, has gained attention due to its potential appetite-suppressing properties. Unlike THC, which can often increase appetite, research has suggested that THCV may have the opposite effect, making it a potential aid for those looking to maintain or lose weight. In a society where obesity and overeating are prevalent health concerns, THCV gummies offer a promising and enjoyable method for controlling appetite.
• Anti-Inflammatory Effects
  Another significant benefit of THCV gummies lies in their potential anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammation is a common physiological response to injury or illness, but chronic inflammation can lead to serious health complications such as heart disease or arthritis. Early studies have indicated that THCV may have anti-inflammatory properties, which could help alleviate these conditions. THCV gummies could be an easy-to-consume, non-pharmaceutical alternative for individuals seeking to manage their inflammation.
• Blood Sugar Regulation
  Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) gummies offer an effective means of managing blood sugar levels. High blood sugar can lead to various health complications, including diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. Research has demonstrated THCV’s potential for reducing glucose intolerance, improving insulin sensitivity, and restoring insulin signaling. While these studies have primarily been conducted on mice, they highlight the therapeutic potential of THCV gummies in maintaining blood sugar balance and reducing the risk of such health problems.
• Promoting Bone Growth
  THCV also shows promise for stimulating bone growth. Enhancing the formation of bone nodules, collagen production, and new bone cell production helps achieve this. THCV gummies could be a powerful tool for managing and treating bone-degenerative diseases like osteoporosis. However, more research is needed to understand its effects on human bone health.
• Convenience and Ease of Use
  One of the main attractions of THCV gummies is their convenience and ease of use. They provide a smoke-free alternative to traditional cannabis consumption methods, making them more user-friendly and less harmful to the lungs.

Users can more accurately control their intake thanks to the precise dosing that gummies provide, lowering the risk of overconsumption. With their pleasant taste and portable nature, THCV gummies offer a simple and enjoyable way to incorporate the potential health benefits of THCV into one’s daily routine.

Disclaimer: The research on cannabis products is still limited, and its long-term effects are unknown. You should think twice before using these products and consult a health professional for more information.

Side Effects of THCV Gummies
THCV gummies can have potential side effects, including drowsiness, dry mouth, and changes in appetite. Some users may experience anxiety or mood changes.

It is psychoactive at high doses, so overconsumption could lead to mild hallucinations or paranoia. It may also interact with certain medications. Just like with THC, prolonged use could lead to dependence or tolerance.

Everyone’s response to cannabinoids varies, so monitor your reactions closely. It’s important to consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen, especially for those with underlying health conditions.

How to Use THCV Gummies
To get the maximum benefit out of these gummies, you must know how to use them properly.

Step 1: Understand Your Dosage
It’s crucial to know the appropriate dosage of THCV gummies for you. This will typically depend on factors like weight, metabolism, and tolerance to THCV. If you’re a first-time user, start with a low dose, such as half or one gummy. You can gradually increase this if you feel comfortable and don’t experience any adverse effects.

Step 2: Take It Slowly
THCV effects don’t kick in instantly; it can take 30 minutes to two hours, depending on your metabolism and whether you’ve eaten recently. Avoid taking a second dose too quickly if you think the first hasn’t worked. Patience is key with THCV gummies.

Step 3: Consider the Timing
THCV is known for its energizing effects, so consuming it during the day or when you need to stay alert might be better. Bear in mind that the effects of THCV can last several hours.

Step 4: Pay Attention to Your Diet
Your diet can affect how well your body absorbs THCV. Eating healthy fats before consuming your gummy can help increase absorption.

Step 5: Consistent Use
For sustained effects, consider taking THCV gummies consistently. Regular use can help maintain a stable compound level in your system, contributing to long-term benefits.

Step 6: Store Properly
THCV gummies should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to maintain their potency and prevent degradation.

Step 7: Monitor Your Body’s Response
Always listen to your body when using THCV gummies. Keep track of any changes in your mood, energy levels, or physical sensations. If you experience any discomfort or adverse reactions, consider lowering your dose or consulting a healthcare professional.

Finally, while THCV gummies can be a beneficial supplement, they shouldn’t replace a balanced diet or regular exercise. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and consult your doctor if you have any concerns.

THCV Gummies FAQs

Q1. Are THCV Gummies Legal?
The legality of THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin) products like gummies depends on the location. In many parts of the United States, they are legal due to the 2018 Farm Bill, which legalized hemp and its derivatives. However, regulations vary, so checking local and state laws is essential.

Q2. Can THCV Gummies Help With Weight Loss?
Some research suggests that THCV can suppress appetite and regulate blood sugar levels, which might aid in weight loss. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to confirm these effects.

Q3. Can THCV Gummies Help With Diabetes?
Early studies indicate THCV may help regulate blood sugar levels and reduce insulin resistance, which is potentially beneficial for individuals with diabetes. Still, more research is required to establish concrete benefits.

Q4. What Is The Recommended Dosage For THCV Gummies?
There’s no universally recommended dosage for THCV gummies, as individual needs vary greatly. Users should start with a small dose and gradually increase it under a healthcare provider’s guidance.

Q5. How Much Do THCV Gummies Cost?
The cost of THCV gummies varies based on factors like the brand, concentration of THCV, and number of gummies in a pack. It’s advisable to check with specific retailers for pricing details.

Q6. Can THCV Gummies Get You High?
THCV is psychoactive, but unlike THC, it doesn’t typically induce a euphoric high. Its effects are more clear-headed and stimulating. However, high doses may have more noticeable psychoactive effects.

Q7. How Long Does It Take For THCV Gummies To Take Effect?
Like other edibles, THCV gummies can take anywhere from 30 minutes to 2 hours to take effect, depending on individual metabolism, the dosage, and whether they’re taken on an empty stomach.

Q8. Can THCV Gummies Be Used For Pain Relief?
While there’s anecdotal evidence that THCV may help with pain relief, scientific research is still limited. As such, THCV gummies may not be the most effective choice for pain management.

Wrapping Up
THCV gummies present a promising avenue for enhancing wellness, potentially assisting in weight management, elevating energy levels, and honing focus. However, the key to optimal benefits lies in selecting the right product tailored to your needs, with our curated list serving as an ideal starting point.

If you’re new to THCV, we recommend starting with lower doses to check your tolerance and ensure a comfortable experience. In time, you can adjust the dosage to achieve your desired effects. These THCV gummies could be the invigorating boost needed to elevate your wellness routine to a whole new level.

Please understand that any advice or guidelines revealed here are not even remotely substitutes for sound medical or financial advice from a licensed healthcare provider or certified financial advisor. Make sure to consult with a professional physician or financial consultant before making any purchasing decision if you use medications or have concerns following the review details shared above. Individual results may vary and are not guaranteed as the statements regarding these products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration or Health Canada. The efficacy of these products has not been confirmed by FDA, or Health Canada approved research. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease and do not provide any kind of get-rich money scheme. Reviewer is not responsible for pricing inaccuracies. Check product sales page for final prices.

This article is sponsored content. No endorsement by The Times of Israel of advertiser products or services, real or implied, is intended. The Times of Israel editorial team did not contribute to this article.