Netanyahu said frustrated that Mossad promise it could instigate Iran uprising has fallen short

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu embraced a Mossad plan to spark a popular uprising at the start of the Iran war and is frustrated that those promises have not come to pass, according to a new report.

The report in The New York Times, published Sunday and citing current and former US and Israeli intelligence officials, says that Netanyahu discussed the plan when persuading US President Donald Trump to go to war against the Islamic Republic.

But it said US and Israeli officials now view the chances of regime change with skepticism and believe that conditions do not appear ripe for a popular uprising. Fears of a repeat of January’s murderous crackdown on demonstrators and danger from the US-Israeli bombing campaign have chilled prospects for more protests.

According to the report, elaborating on one on Channel 12 last week, Mossad chief David Barnea presented a plan to Netanyahu in the runup to the war, predicting that after Iran’s leaders were killed, his agency could “galvanize the Iranian opposition,” igniting mass unrest in Iran by fomenting riots and other acts of resistance via intelligence operations, potentially leading to the regime’s collapse. He reportedly presented the plan to the White House as well.

The domestic revolt was meant to bring a swift end to the war. Instead, Iran’s leaders have dug in, something US officials had viewed as a likely possibility. While rival religious factions of the Iranian government could fight with one another, the report said, chances were slim that such a conflict would end with a democratic government. Proposals that Kurdish militias from outside Iran would help bring down the government have also not advanced into action.

Israeli officials are still holding out hope of regime change, but the fact that a rebellion has yet to take place has dismayed Netanyahu, according to the Times. “Behind the scenes,” it said, Netanyahu “has expressed frustration that Mossad’s promises to foment revolt in Iran have not materialized.”

In one security meeting early in the war, the prime minister “complained that the plan was not working,” and vented that Trump “could decide to halt the campaign at any moment.”

In an apparent response to the New York Times report, a Channel 12 report on Monday evening said the Mossad assessment was that the regime could indeed fall and the Iranian public could be encouraged to rise up, but only at the end of the war, and that the process could take months or even a year.

The Times reported that Barnea’s predecessor, Yossi Cohen, viewed regime change in Iran as unlikely and deemphasized the Mossad’s work on that project, instead working on ways to weaken the regime through sanctions and targeted assassinations of nuclear scientists.

But Barnea has adopted the opposite approach, directing the agency’s energies toward regime change over the past year. That reportedly culminated in hopes that mass protests would coalesce after an intense airstrike campaign at the beginning of the war.

American officials, however, along with some of their Israeli counterparts, were less optimistic about the chances for regime change and did not think that the Iranian government was going to collapse as a result of the war with Israel and the US.

Part of the reason why there hasn’t been an uprising, said Nate Swanson, a former member of the Trump administration’s Iran negotiating team led by Steve Witkoff, is that Iranians are wary of protesting, The Times reported.

Mass anti-regime protests before the war ended in a bloody crackdown by the government that activists say killed thousands, if not tens of thousands. Meanwhile, Trump said in a speech at the war’s outset that Iranians should take to the streets only after protecting themselves from the bombing campaign.

Swanson told the Times he had never seen a “serious plan” to cause an Iranian revolt.

“A lot of protesters are not coming into the street because they’ll get shot,” Swanson told the Times. “They’re going to get slaughtered. That’s one thing. But the second thing is that there’s a good chunk of people who just want a better life, and they’re just sidelined right now. They don’t like the regime, but they don’t want to die opposing it. That 60 percent is going to stay home.”

He said, “You still have fervent anti-regime folks, but they’re not armed, and they’re not bringing the majority of the population into the streets.”

Netanyahu and Trump have since downplayed the likelihood of regime change, with Netanyahu saying several times this month that he cannot be certain that the Iranian public will rise up. Nonetheless, he stressed at a press conference last week that one of the war’s goals is “creating the conditions for the Iranian people to grasp their freedom, to control their destiny.”

Israeli officials still believe that might happen.

“I think that we need boots on the ground but they’ve got to be Iranian boots, and I think they’re coming,” Israel’s ambassador to the US, Yechiel Leiter, said in an interview with CNN on Sunday. “What we have to focus on now is degrading to the point where they have no power left in this regime. Hopefully, that will trigger this combustion point where the people are able to take charge of their own lives.”